LE BARRIERE CORALLINE RISCHIANO DI SPARIRE !

RIFLESSIONI SULLO STATO MONDIALE DELLE BARRIERE CORALLINE.

Quello che le agenzie di viaggio non vi dicono.

E’ con vero dolore che mi accingo a scrivere le mie personali  e recenti esperienze di viaggio su diverse barriere coralline e relativo inquinamento delle acque: dai Caraibi all’isola di Mauritius, alle Maldive, sino a Sry Lanka, Bali, Isole Gili e Lombok, comprese.

A differenza di quanto scritto, dallo stesso Corriere della Sera, le Isole Gili, ad esempio, non sono affatto da paragonare a quello che furono le Maldive 35 anni fa, quando il mare, anche a riva, era un solo immenso acquario.

Certamente per i sub, che vanno in profondità, non mancano grandi possibilità di soddisfazione anche oggi.

Rimane il dolore e la preoccupazione di una persona che è cresciuta leggendo i libri di Jaques Cousteau e facendo foto alla barriera corallina, soprattutto in apnea.

Come Cousteau aveva previsto, molte barriere coralline, in tutto il mondo, sono già quasi totalmente morte a causa di vari fattori.

-Inquinamento umano dovuto, in parte, semplicemente all’aumento della popolazione; anche turistica e acidificazione delle acque (porta alla dissoluzione dei gusci calcarei delle conchiglie di molluschi, echinodermi, alghe, coralli e plancton calcareo)

-Distruzione fisica dovuta al camminamento sopra la barriera, ancoraggio e passaggio delle barche.

-Distruzione totale dovuta alle sostanze chimiche utilizzate per ottenere, per esempio,  banane perfette senza macchie o marcescenza e parassiti;

queste sostanze, in Costa Rica, furono distribuite con gli aerei e causarono anche sterilità nel sesso maschile dei lavoratori.

Inoltre,  le stelle marine che divorano velocemente le madrepore, mentre queste ultime hanno una crescita lentissima, si stanno spaventosamente moltiplicando e crescendo di volume, non solo perché indifferenti all’inquinamento, ma addirittura in quanto ne traggono vantaggio; esattamente come aveva previsto Jaques Cousteau.

MARE STELLA MARINA VARIO JN

L’ultimo grande innalzamento della temperatura dell’acqua, nell’Oceano Indiano, a causa del fenomeno climatico chiamato El Niño ha lasciato tracce molto evidenti: i coralli, anche alle Maldive, sono morti sino a 17 metri di profondità.

Chi non ha mai visto una barriera corallina in ottima salute  si emoziona egualmente ammirando i pochi pesci colorati sopravvissuti e magari qualche chiazza colorata di madrepora ancora viva o appena rinata, ma vi assicuriamo che si tratta di scenografie completamente differenti.

Va detto, però, che negli ultimi tempi si registra un leggerissimo recupero, ma i tempi di crescita del corallo sono centenari; sempre nella speranza che i cambiamenti climatici non ci “regalino” altri passaggi del Niño per i prossimi anni.

Alcuni esempi di quello che abbiamo verificato personalmente negli ultimi 5-10 anni:

-le madrepore di superficie, che erano ancora vive all’isola di Tobago 21 anni fa, ora sono completamente morte e distrutte dal passaggio dei turisti e barche;

-anche nel Costa Rica abbiamo trovato abbondanza di inquinamento nelle acque; almeno nelle zone dove sorgono i centri turistici più noti della costa occidentale;

-nel parco protetto di Sharm, sul Mar Rosso, una breve apnea ha permesso di verificare che, pur continuando una notevole vita della barriera, la situazione attuale, che entusiasta tutti i turisti, è solo un pallido ricordo di quello che c’era quando la zona era sconosciuta al turismo;

-per onor del vero va precisato che in Egitto, in  generale, si può ancora ammirare una delle barriere più ricche che esistano sulla terra; ed è anche facilmente raggiungibile da riva;

alle Maldive, sino a 17 metri di profondità,  abbiamo trovato il corallo tutto grigio, con qualche pallido tentativo di ricrescita; parliamo sempre di madrepore in superficie;

-Sry Lanka, dopo 35 anni, ci è apparsa un’isola diversa; arricchita dal turismo, con intere colline di foresta vergine distrutte, prima dai venditori di legnami ormai rari e poi per far spazio ad un popolazione che cresce vertiginosamente a causa di una parvenza di benessere;

-sempre a Sry Lanka abbiamo constatato un visibile inquinamento delle acque nella parte sud ed est, anche se totalmente ignorato dalla maggioranza dei turisti assai distratti al riguardo;

non esistono impianti fognari, la popolazione cresce a dismisura insieme ai turisti, intanto il mare non riesce più a smaltire quanto prodotto dai  numerosi esseri umani presenti;

-a proposito di Sry Lanka non si può ignorare il grande inquinamento che ha investito e investe, da anni, tutta la costa occidentale

-al momento della nostra visita, era prevista un’enorme crescita di alberghi sulla zona dove si è abbattuto l’ultimo tsunami…alla faccia della sicurezza. I locali emigrati e arricchiti hanno acquistato quasi per nulla i terreni abbandonati dalle povere donne vedove che avevano visto mariti pescatori e figli morire a causa dell’onda di Tzunami e non volevano più rimanere sulla costa;

-comuni a moltissimi luoghi, ch efurono incontaminati, sono gli incendi quotidiani per smaltire i rifiuti e/o l’uso della plastica per ravvivare il fuoco dove la legna è bene prezioso e di faticoso e/o costoso reperimento;

le Maldive dispongono di un’intera isola di solo rifiuti che aversano nel mare ogni genere di prodotto introdotto dai facoltosi turisti, dalle pile esauste ai frigoriferi e apparecchi per aria condizionata rotti, computer e tutto il materiale di scarto dai lussuosi resort; torrentelli di liquidi putrescenti e assolutamente maleodoranti attraversano l’isola/pattumiera, situata di fronte alla  capitale Male;

-va precisato che il Governo Maldiviano dice di avere intenzione di prendere provvedimenti a breve da ormai 20 anni ; aspettiamo!

-alle famose isole Gili di Bali, non abbiamo trovato il paradiso acquatico che ci aspettavamo, l’isola più piccola e lontana che abbiamo visitato aveva le acque contaminate dal mercurio proveniente dalla vicina costa dalla quale per anni hanno estratto l’oro, scaricando enormi quantità di questo pericolosissimo minerale (usato nel processo dell’estrazione dell’oro) che vien assorbito dai pesci, mangiati dagli abitanti e quindi diventa un veleno per tutta la popolazione circostante.

-a Gili Travangan, paragonabile ormai a Ibiza, e sulle altre più tranquille isole, si vede ancora qualche tartaruga e pesce colorato, ma la barriera rimane grigia, almeno in superficie;

-la vicina isola di Lombok non è totalmente incontaminata come ci si aspetterebbe;

-noi abbiamo verificato acque non pulite anche sull’isola di Gili Nango, a sud ovest di Lombok;

FOTO DI COPERTINA DI Lill-Haugen- Sub e fotografa professionista.

Altre foto Grazia Seregni

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      But everybody can do a good work.

      First you have to be able to write in a good way.
      And for this you have to read a lot good books.

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      All rights of my blog are protected by the low.

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